Finnish Language and Culture 1, 12.10. - 9.12.2020
Course grammar
1. Nouns
1.3. Partitive
The partitive case has no direct equivalent in many languages, so it is better just to learn the Finnish way of using it.
The partitive singular endings are -a/-ä, -ta/-tä, -tta/-ttä.
1. -a/-ä after one vowel
2. -ta/-tä after two vowels or a consonant
3. -tta/-ttä after e
salad - some salad
viini - viiniä
wine - some wine
suklaa - suklaata
chocolate - some chocolate
olut - olutta
beer - some beer
kastike - kastiketta
gravy or dressing - some gravy or dressing
- If a word ends with -nen it gets shorten in -sta/-stä
hampurilainen- hampurilaista hamburger
- Adjectives agree with the nouns.
hyvää salaattia good salad
The partitive form of some old Finnish words ending with i is exceptional: vesi - vettä, vuosi - vuotta, kuukausi - kuukautta, uusi - uutta, lapsi - lasta, lohi - lohta
The use of the partitive form
1. The partitive form is used in greetings and wishes.
Hyvää päivää!
Hello! Good day!
Hyvää viikonloppua!
Have a nice weekend!
2. The partitive form expresses an indefinite quantity of food or drink.
coffee - some coffee
leipä - leipää
3. The partitive form is used with all the numbers except for 1, also with 0, puoli, pari
one computer - 2 computers
4. The partitive form is used with some verbs e.g.
puhua to speak, rakastaa to love,
juoda to drink, syödä to eat, opiskella to study
opiskella, matematiikka: Me opiskelemme matematiikkaa. We are studying mathematics.
juoda, kahvi: Alex juo kahvia. Alex is drinking/drinks coffee.
syödä, salaatti: Minä syön salaattia. I eat/am eating salad.
rakastaa, sinä: Minä rakastan sinua. I love you.